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French Word Order: How to Build a Sentence (It's Mostly Like English)

French sentence structure is SVO like English - with two key differences: object pronouns go before the verb, and most adjectives go after the noun.

LexiFr Editorial Published 6 min read
French Word Order: How to Build a Sentence (It's Mostly Like English) - article illustration

French sentence structure is Subject-Verb-Object, just like English. The two key differences: object pronouns go before the verb (je la mange - I eat it), and most adjectives follow the noun (une voiture rouge - a red car), except a small group like grand, petit and beau that come before.

Quick answer

French sentence structure is Subject-Verb-Object, just like English. The two key differences: object pronouns go before the verb (je la mange - I eat it), and most adjectives follow the noun (une voiture rouge - a red car), except a small group like grand, petit and beau that come before.

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The baseline: Subject-Verb-Object

Je mange une pomme (I eat an apple) - the exact same order as English. This foundation genuinely doesn’t need relearning; the differences are localized to two specific spots.

Difference 1: object pronouns go before the verb

Je LA mange (I eat IT) - the pronoun jumps in front, reversed from English word order. See je vs moi for the pronoun family this belongs to.

Difference 2: adjectives usually follow the noun

Une voiture rouge (a red car) - with an exception group covering beauty, age, goodness and size (grand, petit, beau, jeune, bon) that goes before instead. See French adjectives: agreement and placement for the full exception list.

Negation: the ne…pas sandwich

Je ne mange pas - the verb wrapped between ne and pas. In casual spoken French, the ne is frequently dropped: je mange pas.

Building a full sentence (worked example)

Start simple: je mange (I eat). Add an object: je mange une pomme (I eat an apple). Replace with a pronoun: je la mange (I eat it). Add an adjective: je mange une pomme rouge (I eat a red apple). Negate it: je ne mange pas de pomme (I don’t eat apple).

[Visual - infographic] A sentence diagram showing pronoun and adjective placement shifts from English. ALT: « Diagram of French word order differences from English ».
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Frequently asked

Questions about this note

Is French word order like English?

Yes, both are SVO - the differences are pronoun and adjective placement.

Where do object pronouns go in French?

Before the verb: je te vois (I see you).

Do all French adjectives come after the noun?

Most do; a small group (beauty, age, goodness, size) comes before instead.

How does French negation work?

Sandwiching the verb: ne + verb + pas.

Can I drop ne in speech?

Yes - casual spoken French often drops it: je sais pas instead of je ne sais pas.

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