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20 French Idioms That Make No Literal Sense (and What They Mean)

French idioms decoded: poser un lapin, avoir le cafard, les doigts dans le nez - literal images, real meanings, and how to use each in conversation.

LexiFr Editorial Published 9 min read
20 French Idioms That Make No Literal Sense (and What They Mean) - article illustration

Classic French idioms include poser un lapin (to stand someone up - literally “to place a rabbit”), avoir le cafard (to feel down - “to have the cockroach”), c’est du gâteau (it’s a piece of cake), and les doigts dans le nez (done effortlessly - “fingers in the nose”).

Twenty idioms, grouped by imagery, each broken down: the literal picture, the real meaning, an English equivalent, and how it’s actually used. Idioms differ from proverbs - see French sayings and proverbs for wisdom-carrying sentences; these are colorful everyday expressions instead.

Quick answer

Classic French idioms include poser un lapin (to stand someone up - literally “to place a rabbit”), avoir le cafard (to feel down - “to have the cockroach”), c’est du gâteau (it’s a piece of cake), and les doigts dans le nez (done effortlessly - “fingers in the nose”).

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Animal idioms (1–7)

  • poser un lapin - to stand someone up (place a rabbit)
  • avoir le cafard - to feel blue (have the cockroach)
  • quand les poules auront des dents - when hens grow teeth = never
  • donner sa langue au chat - give up guessing (give your tongue to the cat)
  • il y a anguille sous roche - something fishy going on (eel under the rock)
  • avoir d’autres chats à fouetter - other fish to fry (other cats to whip)
  • être une poule mouillée - be a chicken/coward (a wet hen)
[Visual - illustration] A rabbit sitting alone at a café table with an empty chair opposite. ALT: « Illustration of the French idiom poser un lapin, to stand someone up ».

Food idioms (8–14)

  • raconter des salades - tell tall tales (tell salads)
  • mettre son grain de sel - butt in (add one’s grain of salt)
  • en faire tout un fromage - make a big deal (make a whole cheese of it)
  • les carottes sont cuites - it’s over, done (the carrots are cooked)
  • avoir la pêche - feel great (have the peach)
  • c’est du gâteau - piece of cake
  • tomber dans les pommes - faint (fall in the apples)

Body idioms (15–20)

  • les doigts dans le nez - effortlessly (fingers in the nose)
  • coûter les yeux de la tête - cost an arm and a leg (eyes from the head)
  • avoir un poil dans la main - be lazy (a hair in the palm)
  • casser les pieds - annoy (break someone’s feet)
  • garder la tête froide - keep cool (keep the head cold)
  • avoir le cœur sur la main - be generous (heart on the hand)

How to drop an idiom naturally

Idioms land best when they surprise slightly, arriving as one well-chosen phrase rather than a string of three in a row - overuse reads as trying too hard, same as in English. Listen for how natives actually deploy them before reaching for one yourself. Related slang worth exploring alongside idioms: French slang words, and the register logic behind when each is appropriate: what is French register.

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Frequently asked

Questions about this note

What does poser un lapin mean?

To stand someone up on a date or meeting.

What does avoir le cafard mean?

To feel blue or down.

What's the French idiom for "piece of cake"?

c'est du gâteau (also: les doigts dans le nez).

What does tomber dans les pommes mean?

To faint.

Are idioms and proverbs the same?

No - idioms are colorful everyday expressions; proverbs deliver a piece of wisdom. See our sayings guide for the latter.

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